I've a frame bed that is quite important to my family! But its damaged and I've no idea if it how yo repair it. Over the years the kids have jumped on it too much and the wood is all crushed!
Looks like the bolts are too long as the end of the thread is touching the back of the hole so the nuts & bolts would never have tightened up adequately.
Get a metal plate made to screw to the area of the damaged timber but still allow access to the nuts, weld the washers to the plate & shorten the bolts, they look more like worktop clamp bolts than bed bolts.